Tendonitis is inflammation of a tendon. A tendon is a group of cord-like fibers that attach a muscle to a bone. Tendons can become irritated either through overuse or trauma. As one ages, tendons may be more susceptible to inflammation. Common areas for tendonitis are the inside or outside of the elbow, the thumb or index finger and the ankle.

Overuse is the most common cause of tendonitis and generally occurs after an activity is resumed too quickly following a long period of inactivity. For example, overuse can occur if a person does not play tennis for the winter and then resumes the sport in the spring, at too high of an activity level without first acclimating the arm or "getting used" to a moderate level. Repetitive activity is also a form of overuse, such as the constant use of a drill or screwdriver.

Trauma can also cause tendonitis. If the elbow is hit or struck, "tennis elbow," or lateral epicondylitis may result.

Pain is the primary symptom. Pain begins slowly and increases over several weeks. The discomfort is commonly described as hot or burning and the areas may actually feel warm or be red. Swelling may also be present. In more severe cases, the pain may be present at all times and begin to expand away from the area of initial pain. If the tendonitis has not become excessive, pain may be felt only during use.

Treatment
Treatment depends on the severity of the inflammation. Your physician may prescribe anti-inflammatory medications, and rest is a primary consideration. Since the tendon attaches directly to the muscle, using the muscle places stress on the tendon, which will continue to irritate the tendon. A splint may be issued to immobilize the affected area temporarily and prevent use of the muscle.

Therapeutic modalities such as ultrasound, electrical stimulation and heat may decrease pain and inflammation. There are therapeutic exercises and stretches that can speed recovery and return you to pain-free function. It is important to follow the guidelines for rest and exercise because tendonitis can easily become reinflamed. If you have had multiple episodes of tendonitis in the same area over several years, you may find it takes longer to heal. If symptoms persist for a long time, anti-inflammatory injections or sometimes surgery may be indicated.